{"id":7967,"date":"2018-03-19T17:04:18","date_gmt":"2018-03-19T17:04:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.investintech.com\/resources\/blog\/?p=7967"},"modified":"2021-07-02T14:56:25","modified_gmt":"2021-07-02T14:56:25","slug":"pdf-iso-standards-subsets-types","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.investintech.com\/resources\/blog\/archives\/7967-pdf-iso-standards-subsets-types.html","title":{"rendered":"PDF Evolution: ISO Standards, Subsets, Versions and Types"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-9548\" src=\"\/resources\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/PDF-Evolution-ISO-Standards-Subsets-Versions-and-Types.jpg\" alt=\"PDF versions and subsets\" width=\"900\" height=\"471\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Portable Document Format (PDF) was created by <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/acrobat.adobe.com\/us\/en\/acrobat\/about-adobe-pdf.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Adobe<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in the last decade of the 20<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">th<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> century. <\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>1991<\/b> <b>&#8211;<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Dr. John Warnock, Adobe\u2019s co-founder, started The Camelot Project<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>1992 &#8211; <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Camelot evolved into PDF<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>1993 &#8211; <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The tools for creating and viewing PDFs were released<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The format was developed with the idea that every document should be readable and printable on any device while preserving <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">the <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">fidelity <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">of the content<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><strong>PDF Versions<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As expected, the format wasn\u2019t popular from the start. Nevertheless, <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">the <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">PDF evolved steadily over the years to become one of the most used electronic document file formats today.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Here\u2019s a quick overview of PDF versions developed by Adobe.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><strong>PDF 1.0<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The first version was announced on November 1992 and the first software for handling it was released in June 1993.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><strong>PDF 1.1<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In November 1994, version 1.1 was released introducing support for embedded external links and security features (password protection).<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><strong>PDF 1.2<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">PDF 1.2 was released in November 1996. Some of the additions feature-wise were allowing users to use PDF as an electronic form, extending character sets, color, and interactive elements support.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><strong>PDF 1.3<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The third version, released in April 1999, introduced smooth shading, PDF annotations, digital signatures, JavaScript actions, and improved document encryption.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><strong>PDF 1.4<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Next version debuted in May 2001. PDF 1.4 most notable new features were support for transparency and <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/stackoverflow.com\/questions\/6397984\/what-is-tagged-pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tagged PDF<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (contains meta-information).<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><strong>PDF 1.5<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In April 2003, version 1.5 brought improved compression, support for layers, and additional PDF presentation transitions.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><strong>PDF 1.6<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">From January 2005, PDF had AES encryption, support for embedding of OpenType fonts, 3D data, and files into a PDF, as well as support for XML forms.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><strong>PDF 1.7<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The last version of PDF developed by Adobe was released in October 2006. Commenting and security features, control over 3D animations, and printer settings were enhanced.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><strong>PDF ISO Standardization<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-7969\" src=\"https:\/\/www.investintech.com\/resources\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/2000px-ISO_english_logo.svg_-1024x351.png\" alt=\"International Organization for Standardization\" width=\"640\" height=\"219\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.investintech.com\/resources\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/2000px-ISO_english_logo.svg_-1024x351.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.investintech.com\/resources\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/2000px-ISO_english_logo.svg_-300x103.png 300w, https:\/\/www.investintech.com\/resources\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/2000px-ISO_english_logo.svg_-768x263.png 768w, https:\/\/www.investintech.com\/resources\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/2000px-ISO_english_logo.svg_.png 2000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In July 2008, PDF became an ISO International standard (<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.iso.org\/standard\/51502.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ISO 32000-1<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">) and therefore, <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">became a<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> truly open electronic document format. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">PDF ISO standardization<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> paved the way for rapid enhancements of the format that benefited both users and PDF software developers.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><strong>PDF Subsets<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ISO standard 32000-1 is relevant to the PDF 1.7 version and covers <\/span><b>5 subsets<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of PDF. Let\u2019s take a quick look at each of them chronologically.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><strong>PDF\/X &#8211; Printing<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Committee for Graphic Arts Technology Standards (CGATS) introduced PDF\/X (formalized in ISO standards 15929 and 15930) in 2001. This standard ensures that the printed material exactly mirrors its digital counterpart.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Printing conditions need to be specified in the \u00a0PDF\/X file (printing profiles) and active content (forms, signatures, comments, and embedded multimedia) is not allowed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Extensions and revisions for this standard in terms of printing related requirements were implemented regularly as <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">the<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> PDF itself changed.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><strong>PDF\/A &#8211; Archiving<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">PDF\/A (a subtype of PDF 1.4) is a subset standardized for long-term document preservation and recordkeeping, released in October 2005. Documents in compliance with this standard retain their original layout for years.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Variations <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">on PDF\/A&#8211;<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> PDF\/A-2 (a subtype of ISO 32000-1) and PDF\/A-3 (a subtype of ISO 32000-1 with support for embedded files)<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">,<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> implement guidelines in regards to the new PDF features.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><strong>PDF\/E &#8211; Engineering<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">PDF\/E, a subset of PDF 1.6, was published in 2008.<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">standard is designed for engineering and technical documentation, with support for interactive media, such as animations, 2D renderings, and 3D models.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><strong>PDF\/VT &#8211; Variable and Transactional Printing<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This subset was built on top of PDF\/X-4 (one of the PDF\/X implementation) and introduced in 2010. It is used for variable and transactional printing.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Variable data printing, for example, allows users to print multiple invitational letters while automatically changing just the names and addresses of the recipients.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Transactional printing refers to the printing of forms (such as <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">a<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> telephone bill, for example) with different data depending on the customer\u2019s information.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><strong>PDF\/UA &#8211; Universal Accessibility<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.investintech.com\/resources\/blog\/archives\/152-pdfua-is-on-the-way-to-becoming-a-new-pdf-standard.html\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">PDF\/UA<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (ISO 14289) is the international standard which ensures PDF accessibility for people with disabilities who use assistive technology to consume electronic content. It was rolled out in 2012 and relies on Tagged PDF files with a variety of qualitative requirements for tags.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><strong>PDF 2.0<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">By publishing PDF 2.0 <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.iso.org\/standard\/63534.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(ISO 32000-2<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">) in July 2017, the ISO working group eliminated all proprietary elements from the PDF standard and establish<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ed<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> new and tighter rules.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Some of the enhancements introduced are related to printing, rendering, encryption, digital signing, annotating, embedding files, etc.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">With PDF 2.0 came another PDF subset &#8211; <\/span><b>PDF\/Raster 1.0<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">is used \u201cfor storing, transporting and exchanging multi-page raster-image documents\u201d (especially scanned documents) by combining the advantages of PDF and TIFF.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><strong>Types of PDFs<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Depending on the method the file was created, there are <\/span><b>3 types<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of PDFs:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Real PDF &#8211; <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Also known as <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">a<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> True or Normal PDF, a Real PDF is ideal for most <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">of the<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> applications. It\u2019s created digitally by printing to PDF from various programs such as Microsoft Word, Adobe InDesign, Corel Draw, etc. These types of PDFs can be searched by default and content (text and images) can be copy\/pasted into other file formats.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b><a href=\"https:\/\/www.investintech.com\/resources\/blog\/archives\/7472-converting-scanned-pdfs.html\">Scanned PDF<\/a> &#8211; <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The human eye sees text in this kind of PDF, but the machine doesn\u2019t because it\u2019s just an image of the document inserted into a PDF page that can have <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">additional <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Header and Footer content,<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> as well<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. In order to extract text from a scanned PDF, users need to have a software <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">tool <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">with Optical Character Recognition (OCR) engine.<\/span><\/b><\/li>\n<li><strong>Searchable PDF<\/strong> &#8211; <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This type of PDF is essentially a scan of a hard copy document that went through OCR. The resulting PDF is a file that has 2 layers: one containing the image and the other with recognized text that can be searched, annotated, redacted, and copy\/pasted just like <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">it can in a <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Real PDF.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Keep <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">in mind that <a href=\"https:\/\/www.investintech.com\/prod_a2e.htm\">Able2Extract Professional<\/a>\u2019s built-in <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">features<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> are compliant with ISO 32000-1 standard. At the same time, we at Investintech are following the evolution of <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">the <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">PDF closely and <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">are <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">preparing to add new features that will take advantage of PDF 2.0 enhancements.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">By <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">making <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">efficiency <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">our <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">top priority when it comes to your PDF related workflows, we\u2019re actively looking for innovative ways to improve our products and bring your PDF productivity to the next level. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Join us on our journey by downloading <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.investintech.com\/prod_downloadsa2e.htm\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Able2Extract<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> now.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Portable Document Format (PDF) was created by Adobe in the last decade of the 20th century. 1991 &#8211; Dr. John Warnock, Adobe\u2019s co-founder, started The Camelot Project 1992 &#8211; Camelot evolved into PDF 1993 &#8211; The tools for creating and viewing PDFs were released The format was developed with the idea that every document &#8230; <a title=\"PDF Evolution: ISO Standards, Subsets, Versions and Types\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.investintech.com\/resources\/blog\/archives\/7967-pdf-iso-standards-subsets-types.html\" aria-label=\"More on PDF Evolution: ISO Standards, Subsets, Versions and Types\">Continue reading \u2192<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[12],"tags":[215,210,285,214,264],"class_list":["post-7967","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-9-pdf-standards","tag-iso","tag-pdf-standards","tag-pdfa","tag-pdfua","tag-scanned-pdf"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>PDF Evolution: ISO Standards, Subsets, Versions and Types<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The PDF has developed through many different versions and subsets over the course of almost three decades and became ISO standard in the process. 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